Effects of adipokines, inflammatory factors and intestinal flora on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention
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摘要:目的
探讨冠心病患者行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后血清脂肪因子、炎性因子与肠道菌群对主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的影响。
方法选取行PCI的冠心病患者120例为研究组,另选取同期健康体检者60例为对照组。比较2组血清脂肪因子[脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(AFABP)、内脏脂肪组织源性丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Vaspin)、脂肪素(Apelin)]、炎性因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]与肠道菌群的差异。分析不同类型冠心病[稳定型心绞痛(SAP)41例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)37例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)42例]患者血清脂肪因子、炎性因子与肠道菌群的差异。分析炎性因子与血清脂肪因子、肠道菌群的相关性。对研究组随访1年,记录MACE发生情况,并分析MACE的影响因素。
结果研究组AFABP、IL-6、HMGB1、hs-CRP水平均高于对照组, Vaspin、Apelin、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。UAP组、AMI组Vaspin均低于SAP组,AMI组IL-6、HMGB1、hs-CRP均高于UAP组、SAP组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,IL-6、HMGB1、hs-CRP与AFABP均呈正相关(P < 0.05), IL-6、HMGB1、hs-CRP与Vaspin、Apelin、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌均呈负相关(P < 0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,年龄>80岁、AMI、糖尿病、高血压、植入支架数量≥3枚、AFABP、IL-6、HMGB1、hs-CRP均是MACE发生的危险因素,Vaspin、Apelin、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌为MACE发生的保护因素(P < 0.05)。
结论冠心病患者PCI后存在血清脂肪因子、炎性因子与肠道菌群异常表达,而不同类型冠心病患者间也存在差异。炎性因子与血清脂肪因子、肠道菌群存在相关性。年龄、冠心病类型、糖尿病、高血压、植入支架数量、脂肪因子及炎性因子、肠道菌群指标均是患者术后MACE发生的独立影响因素。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of serum adipokines, inflammatory factors and intestinal flora on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
MethodsA total of 120 coronary heart disease patients with PCI were selected as study group, and 60 healthy individuals with routine health examination in the same period were selected as control group. The differences in serum adipokines [adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (AFABP), visceral fat tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin), Apelin], inflammatory factors[interleukin-6 (IL-6), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP)] and intestinal flora were compared between the two groups. The differences in serum adipokines, inflammatory factors and intestinal flora among patients with different types of coronary heart disease[stable angina pectoris (SAP) in 41 cases, unstable angina pectoris (UAP) in 37 cases, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 42 cases] were analyzed. The correlations of inflammatory factors with serum adipokines and intestinal flora were analyzed. The occurrence of MACE was recorded during a year of follow-up in the study group, and the influencing factors of MACE were analyzed.
ResultsThe levels of AFABP, IL-6, HMGB1 and hs-CRP in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the levels of Vaspin, Apelin, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Escherichia coli were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of Vaspin in the UAP group and AMI group were significantly lower than that in the SAP group, while the levels of IL-6, HMGB1 and hs-CRP in the AMI group were significantly higher than those in the UAP group and SAP group (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that IL-6, HMGB1 and hs-CRP were positively correlated with AFABP (P < 0.05), while IL-6, HMGB1 and hs-CRP were negatively correlated with Vaspin, Apelin, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Escherichia coli (P < 0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age over 80 years, AMI, diabetes, hypertension, the number of implanted stents≥3, AFABP, IL-6, HMGB1 and hs-CRP were risk factors for the occurrence of MACE, while Vaspin, Apelin, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Escherichia coli were the protective factors for the occurrence of MACE (P < 0.05).
ConclusionPatients with coronary heart disease have abnormal expression of serum adipokines, inflammatory factors and intestinal flora after PCI, and there are differences among patients with different types of coronary heart disease. Inflammatory factors are correlated with serum adipokines and intestinal flora. Age, type of coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, the number of implanted stents, adipokines and inflammatory factors as well as intestinal flora indicators are the independent risk factors for the occurrence of MACE after surgery.
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表 1 2组血清脂肪因子、炎性因子与肠道菌群水平比较(x±s)
指标 对照组(n=60) 研究组(n=120) t P AFABP/(ng/mL) 211.80±21.22 287.66±70.99 8.089 < 0.001 Vaspin/(ng/mL) 1.51±0.37 0.78±0.21 13.469 < 0.001 Apelin/(ng/mL) 92.62±26.44 60.15±19.40 9.342 < 0.001 IL-6/(ng/mL) 10.08±3.53 18.25±5.71 10.155 < 0.001 HMGB1/(ng/mL) 3.98±0.59 7.49±2.29 11.644 < 0.001 hs-CRP/(mg/L) 1.35±0.63 11.02±4.87 15.299 < 0.001 乳酸杆菌/(CFU/g) 43.22±5.19 30.78±3.34 19.414 < 0.001 双歧杆菌/(CFU/g) 32.67±4.36 24.01±3.10 15.355 < 0.001 大肠杆菌/(CFU/g) 38.22±5.73 30.18±3.41 11.774 < 0.001 肠球菌/(CFU/g) 7.25±0.97 7.53±1.21 1.559 0.121 拟杆菌/(CFU/g) 8.11±1.36 8.29±1.47 0.794 0.428 AFABP: 脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白; Vaspin: 内脏脂肪组织源性丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂; Apelin: 脂肪素; IL-6: 白细胞介素-6; HMGB1: 高迁移率族蛋白1; hs-CRP: 超敏C反应蛋白。 表 2 不同类型冠心病患者血清脂肪因子、炎性因子与肠道菌群比较(x±s)
指标 SAP组(n=41) UAP组(n=37) AMI组(n=42) F P AFABP/(ng/mL) 286.66±59.19 297.97±81.13 275.09±73.36 1.010 0.367 Vaspin/(ng/mL) 0.90±0.33 0.75±0.32 0.71±0.30 4.105 0.019 Apelin/(ng/mL) 61.87±21.04 59.61±19.59 58.30±18.61 0.345 0.709 IL-6/(ng/mL) 16.13±4.44 17.89±5.16 20.57±6.57 6.904 0.001 HMGB1/(ng/mL) 5.39±1.10 7.47±1.31 9.53±2.07 72.772 < 0.001 hs-CRP/(mg/L) 5.53±1.33 12.02±2.08 15.41±3.67 156.409 < 0.001 乳酸杆菌/(CFU/g) 31.30±3.48 30.45±3.26 30.28±3.49 1.046 0.355 双歧杆菌/(CFU/g) 24.50±3.19 24.27±3.31 23.17±2.88 2.138 0.122 大肠杆菌/(CFU/g) 30.53±3.47 30.14±3.48 29.62±3.64 0.693 0.502 肠球菌/(CFU/g) 7.10±0.99 7.22±0.98 7.50±1.05 1.718 0.184 拟杆菌/(CFU/g) 8.02±1.05 8.12±1.01 8.32±1.20 0.810 0.447 SAP: 稳定型心绞痛; UAP: 不稳定型心绞痛; AMI: 急性心肌梗死。 表 3 血清炎性因子与脂肪因子、肠道菌群相关性分析(n=180)
指标 相关性 AFABP Vaspin Apelin 乳酸杆菌 双歧杆菌 大肠杆菌 IL-6 Pearson相关性 0.648** -0.576** -0.424** -0.477** -0.517** -0.439** 显著性(双尾) < 0.001 0.001 0.003 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.006 HMGB1 Pearson相关性 0.561** -0.675** -0.459** -0.625** -0.609** -0.493** 显著性(双尾) < 0.001 < 0.001 0.002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 hs-CRP Pearson相关性 0.549** -0.711** -0.523** -0.679** -0.654** -0.589** 显著性(双尾) < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 AFABP: 脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白; Vaspin: 内脏脂肪组织源性丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂; Apelin: 脂肪素; IL-6: 白细胞介素-6; HMGB1: 高迁移率族蛋白1; hs-CRP: 超敏C反应蛋白。 表 4 冠心病行PCI患者MACE影响因素的单因素分析(x±s)[n(%)]
指标 分类 MACE组(n=33) 非MACE组(n=87) t/χ2 P 性别 男 20(60.61) 53(60.92) 0.001 0.975 女 13(39.39) 34(39.08) 年龄 ≤80岁 16(48.48) 61(70.11) 4.868 0.027 >80岁 17(51.52) 26(29.89) 体质量指数 ≤24 kg/m2 22(66.67) 61(70.11) 0.133 0.715 >24 kg/m2 11(33.33) 26(29.89) 居住地 农村 15(45.45) 40(45.98) 0.003 0.959 城市 18(54.55) 47(54.02) 冠心病类型 稳定型心绞痛 3(9.09) 38(43.68) 11.861 0.001 不稳定型心绞痛 12(36.36) 25(28.74) 急性心肌梗死 18(54.55) 24(27.59) 病程 ≤1年 23(69.7) 60(68.97) 0.006 0.938 >1年 10(30.3) 27(31.03) 纽约心脏病学会分级 < Ⅲ级 24(72.73) 63(72.41) 0.001 0.973 ≥Ⅲ级 9(27.27) 24(27.59) 文化程度 初中级以下 22(66.67) 62(71.26) 0.241 0.624 高中及以上 11(33.33) 25(28.74) 糖尿病 有 12(36.36) 9(10.34) 11.218 0.001 无 21(63.64) 78(89.66) 高血压 有 22(66.67) 29(33.33) 10.878 0.001 无 11(33.33) 58(66.67) 吸烟 有 10(30.3) 26(29.89) 0.002 0.964 无 23(69.7) 61(70.11) 饮酒 有 10(30.3) 29(33.33) 0.100 0.752 无 23(69.7) 58(66.67) 植入支架数量 < 3枚 20(60.61) 78(89.66) 13.484 < 0.001 ≥3枚 13(39.39) 9(10.34) AFABP/(ng/mL) 366.13±24.51 257.90±59.08 10.175 < 0.001 Vaspin/(ng/mL) 0.41±0.11 0.93±0.25 11.609 < 0.001 Apelin/(ng/mL) 47.86±16.63 64.80±18.39 4.622 < 0.001 IL-6/(ng/mL) 24.92±3.36 15.72±4.16 11.351 < 0.001 HMGB1/(ng/mL) 10.20±1.74 6.47±1.52 11.567 < 0.001 hs-CRP/(mg/L) 16.27±3.78 9.03±3.60 9.698 < 0.001 乳酸杆菌/(CFU/g) 28.50±9.35 31.61±2.97 4.810 < 0.001 双歧杆菌/(CFU/g) 21.64±3.57 24.91±2.36 5.821 < 0.001 大肠杆菌/(CFU/g) 27.70±2.74 31.11±3.18 5.442 < 0.001 肠球菌/(CFU/g) 7.68±0.98 7.44±0.91 1.263 0.209 拟杆菌/(CFU/g) 8.39±1.13 8.22±1.09 0.755 0.452 表 5 冠心病行PCI患者MACE影响因素的Logistic回归分析
变量 B S. E. Wald P OR 95%CI 下限 上限 年龄(>80岁) 0.913 0.420 4.736 0.030 2.493 1.095 5.675 类型 — — 11.099 0.004 — — — 类型(AMI) 2.251 0.676 11.094 0.001 9.500 2.526 35.733 类型(UAP) 0.446 0.470 0.903 0.342 1.562 0.622 3.923 糖尿病 1.600 0.505 10.042 0.002 4.952 1.841 13.321 高血压 1.386 0.434 10.218 0.001 4.000 1.710 9.359 植入支架数量≥3枚 1.729 0.501 11.913 0.001 5.633 2.111 15.035 AFABP 0.050 0.011 19.994 < 0.001 1.051 1.028 1.074 Apelin -0.057 0.014 16.023 < 0.001 0.945 0.919 0.972 Vaspin -5.627 1.132 24.701 < 0.001 0.004 0.000 0.033 IL-6 0.529 0.107 24.605 < 0.001 1.697 1.377 2.092 HMGB1 1.394 0.277 25.408 < 0.001 4.032 2.345 6.934 hs-CRP 0.526 0.101 26.957 < 0.001 1.693 1.388 2.065 乳酸杆菌 -0.357 0.091 15.387 < 0.001 0.700 0.586 0.837 双歧杆菌 -0.421 0.096 19.190 < 0.001 0.656 0.544 0.792 大肠杆菌 -0.457 0.106 18.562 < 0.001 0.633 0.514 0.779 AMI: 急性心肌梗死; UAP: 不稳定型心绞痛; AFABP: 脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白; Vaspin: 内脏脂肪组织源性丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂; Apelin: 脂肪素; IL-6: 白细胞介素-6; HMGB1: 高迁移率族蛋白1; hs-CRP: 超敏C反应蛋白。 -
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