Effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on ocular xerosis in Baise City of Guangxi Province
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摘要:目的
探讨广西壮族自治区百色市气象因素与空气污染物对眼干燥症的影响。
方法收集2018—2022年百色市人民医院眼干燥症患者门诊就诊信息，并收集同期百色市气象资料和大气污染物数据。运用基于Poisson分布的广义相加模型(GAM)分析气象因素、空气污染物与眼干燥症门诊就诊人次的相关性，并进一步采用双变量响应面模型对气象因素和空气污染物对眼干燥症发病风险的交互作用进行定性与定量分析。
结果2018—2022年百色市人民医院眼干燥症日均门诊就诊人次为1.0人次。相对于平均气温23.8 ℃, 高温(37.5 ℃)在滞后3 d时可使眼干燥症门诊就诊人次增高1.255倍(95%CI: 0.861~1.830), 低温(7 ℃)在0 d时可使眼干燥症门诊就诊人次上升1.215倍(95%CI: 0.660~2.236)。相对于平均风速1.8级，高风速(7级)在滞后2 d时可使眼干燥症门诊就诊人次增高2.297倍(95%CI: 0.534~9.880)。交互作用分析结果显示，高温与高浓度臭氧(O3)或一氧化碳(CO)交互项显著(P < 0.05)。
结论高温和低温、高风速会增加百色市眼干燥症门诊就诊人次，且高温时高浓度O3、CO对就诊人次的影响效应增强。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on xerophthalmia.
MethodsInformation of patients with eye xeremia in Outpatient Department of Baise People′s Hospital from 2018 to 2022 and meteorological data along with air pollutant data in Baise City during the same period were collected. The generalized additive mode (GAM) based on Poisson distribution was applied to analyze the correlations between meteorological factors, air pollutants and outpatient visits for xerophthalmia department. The bivariate response surface model was further used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the interaction between meteorological factors and air pollutants on the risk of xerophthalmia.
ResultsFrom 2018 to 2022, the number of average daily outpatient visits of xerophthalmiapatients in Baise City People′s Hospital was 1.0 person per day. Compared with the mean temperature of 23.8 ℃, high temperature (37.5 ℃) increased the number of outpatient visits of xerophthalmic patients by 1.255 (95%CI, 0.861 to 1.830) when delayed for 3 days; low temperature (7 ℃) at 0 d increased the number of outpatient visits for xerophthalmic by 1.215 (95%CI, 0.660 to 2.236). Compared with the mean wind speed of magnitude 1.8, high wind speed (magnitude 7) increased the number of outpatient visits forxerophthalmia by 2.297 (95%CI, 0.534 to 9.880) with a lag of 2 days. The interaction terms between high temperature and high concentration of O3 or carbon monoxide (CO)were significant (P < 0.05).
ConclusionHigh temperature, low temperature and high wind speed can increase the number of patients with xerophthalmia in Baise city, and the effect of high concentration of O3 and CO on the number of medical visits is enhanced at high temperature.
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Keywords:
- meteorology /
- air pollutants /
- eye dryness /
- generalized additive model /
- time series research /
- interaction
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表 1 2018—2022年眼干燥症门诊就诊人次、气象因素和空气污染物数据分析(x±s)[M(P25, P75)]
变量 日均结果 最小值 最大值 P25 中位数 P75 眼干燥症门诊就诊人次/人次 1.0(0, 2.0) 0 11.0 0 1.0 2.0 气温/℃ 23.8±6.5 6.6 37.5 18.9 24.7 29.1 风速/级 1.8±1.0 0 7.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 PM2.5/(μg/m3) 29.3±17.3 0 140.0 17.0 25.0 38.0 PM10/(μg/m3) 50.1±23.3 0 189.0 34.0 46.0 62.0 SO2/(μg/m3) 13.3±5.9 4.0 90.0 9.0 12.0 17.0 CO/(mg/m3) 1.0±0.9 0.2 15.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 NO2/(μg/m3) 17.0±6.8 0.6 66.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 O3/(μg/m3) 78.0±30.4 0 172.0 55.0 78.0 99.0 PM2.5: 细颗粒物; PM10: 可吸入颗粒物; SO2: 二氧化硫; CO: 一氧化碳; NO2: 二氧化氮; O3: 臭氧。 
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表 2 眼干燥症门诊就诊人次、气象因素、空气污染物的相关性分析
变量 眼干燥症门诊就诊人次 平均气温 风速 PM2.5 PM10 SO2 CO NO2 O3 眼干燥症门诊就诊人次 — 0.042 0.024 -0.057* -0.045 -0.046 0.070** -0.081** 0.095** 平均气温 — — 0.295** -0.178** -0.053* 0.151** -0.048* -0.337** 0.592** 风速 — — — 0.030 0.051* 0.233** -0.040 -0.169** 0.244** PM2.5 — — — — 0.952** 0.481** 0.135** 0.687** 0.225** PM10 — — — — — 0.509** 0.119** 0.724** 0.356** SO2 — — — — — — 0.200** 0.353** 0.219** CO — — — — — — — -0.114** 0.081** NO2 — — — — — — — — 0.004 O3 — — — — — — — — — 表中所列数据为r值, * P < 0.05, * * P < 0.01。
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