Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and analyze the influencing factors of survival prognosis.

Methods The clinical data of 32 AML patients who underwent allo-HSCT treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The hematopoietic reconstitution, occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), survival status, recurrence, and transplantation-related mortality (TRM) of patients were observed, and the influencing factors of survival prognosis were analyzed.

Results All 32 AML patients who underwent allo-HSCT achieved granulocyte reconstitution, with a time range of 10 to 26 days and a median time of 11.0 days. Granulocyte-macrophage lineage reconstitution was achieved in 30 patients, with a time range of 10 to 54 days and a median time of 13.5 days. Among the 30 evaluable patients, 10 developed acute GVHD (with incidence rate of 33.33%) and 10 developed chronic GVHD (incidence rate of 33.33%). Up to May 31, 2023, the follow-up time ranged from 2 to 28 months, with a median follow-up time of 14.5 months. Of the 30 patients, 28 survived (25 patients were in disease-free survival status), and 2 died. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age>35 years (P=0.035, HR=2.021) and recurrence after transplantation (P=0.021, HR=2.546) were independent risk factors of patients' survival prognosis. Among 30 patients, 5 relapsed, with a time range of 6 to 24 months and a median time of 9.0 months. Of 5 relapsed patients, 2 died (non-TRM).

Conclusion Allo-HSCT is an effective treatment for AML. Age>35 years and recurrence after transplantation are independent risk factors of patients' survival prognosis.