Safety and efficacy of argatroban combined with antiplatelet therapy for acute mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke with large artery atherosclerosis
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摘要:目的
探讨阿加曲班联合抗血小板治疗对症状发作后72 h内急性轻中度大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死患者的效果和安全性。
方法选取452例大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死患者作为研究对象,并将其分为2组。联合治疗组(n=286)接受阿加曲班联合抗血小板治疗,对照组(n=141)仅接受抗血小板治疗。采用Logistic回归模型比较2组患者抗栓治疗后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、早期神经功能恶化(END)及出血的差异。
结果2组患者年龄、吸烟史、卒中发病到入院时间以及低密度脂蛋白、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。联合治疗组和对照组梗死部位、责任动脉和大动脉粥样硬化亚型比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死患者中,经阿加曲班联合治疗后90 d时的mRS评分(0~2分)患者占比为85.3%, 对照组为74.5%, 差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。在NIHSS评分≥3分患者中,联合治疗组90 d时mRS评分为0~2分的患者占比为19.3%, 而对照组为60.8%, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。前循环责任动脉中,阿加曲班联合治疗组90 d时mRS评分为0~2分的患者占比为82.1%, 对照组为67.2%, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。在大动脉粥样硬化亚型中,联合治疗组90 d时mRS评分为0~2分的穿支闭塞患者占比较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
结论阿加曲班联合抗血小板治疗可以改善急性轻中度大动脉粥样硬化型缺血性脑卒中患者的神经功能结局,且不会增大出血风险。联合治疗在前循环缺血和穿支动脉闭塞患者中获益更明显。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of argatroban combined with antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute mild-to-moderate atherosclerotic cerebral infarction within 72 hours after symptom onset.
MethodsA total of 452 patients with large atherosclerotic cerebral infarction were enrolled and divided into two groups. The combined therapy group (n=286) received argatroban combined with antiplatelet therapy, while the control group (n=166) received antiplatelet therapy alone. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, early neurological deterioration (END), and occurrence of bleeding events were compared between the two groups using a Logistic regression model.
ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed in age, smoking history, time from stroke onset to admission, low-density lipoprotein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels between the two groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in infarction location, responsible artery, and atherosclerotic subtype between the combined therapy and control groups (P>0.05). Among patients with atheroscleroticcerebral infarction, the proportion of patients with an mRS score of 0 to 2 at 90 days after combined therapy of argatrobanwas 85.3%, and was 74.5% in the control group (P < 0.05). In patients with an NIHSS score ≥3, the proportion of patients with an mRS score of 0 to 2 at 90 days in the combined therapy group was 19.3%, which was significantly lower than 60.8% in the control group (P < 0.05). For anterior circulation responsible artery occlusion, the proportion of patients with an mRS score of 0 to 2 at 90 days in the combined therapy group was 82.1%, and 67.2% in the control group (P < 0.05). Among atherosclerotic subtypes, the proportion of patients with penetrating artery occlusion and an mRS score of 0 to 2 at 90 days was significantly higher in the combined therapy group compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
ConclusionArgatroban combined with antiplatelet therapy can improve neurological outcomes in patients with acute mild-to-moderate atherosclerotic ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of bleeding. The combined therapy offers more pronounced benefits in patients with anterior circulation ischemia and penetrating artery occlusion.
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Keywords:
- argatroban /
- anticoagulation /
- cerebral infarction /
- large artery atherosclerosis /
- efficacy /
- safety
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表 1 2组基线资料比较(x±s) [n(%)][M(P25, P75)]
基线特征 联合治疗组(n=286) 对照组(n=141) P 年龄/岁 68.1±10.6 70.6±10.7 0.020 男 190(66.4) 84(59.6) 0.164 吸烟史 109(38.1) 35(24.8) 0.006 高血压史 228(79.7) 114(80.9) 0.708 糖尿病史 103(36.0) 62(44.0) 0.112 入院NIHSS评分/分 3(2, 5) 3(1, 5) 0.826 收缩压/mmHg 156.1±22.8 153.1±22.6 0.197 舒张压/mmHg 84.7±12.9 82.6±12.4 0.105 卒中发病到入院时间/h 24.0(10.8, 48.0) 48.0 (24.0, 72.0) < 0.001 甘油三酯/(mmol/L) 1.7±1.2 1.6±1.2 0.554 高密度脂蛋白/(mmol/L) 1.2±0.3 1.1±0.3 0.324 低密度脂蛋白/(mmol/L) 3.1±1.0 2.9±1.0 0.016 eGFR/[mL/(min·1.73 m2)] 86.6±17.7 81.7±19.8 0.010 感染 50(17.5) 27±19.1 0.674 用药情况 降压药 212±74.1 110±78.0 0.380 降糖药 101(35.3) 62±44.0 0.083 降脂药 278(97.2) 137±97.2 >0.999 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa。NIHSS: 美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表; eGFR: 估算肾小球滤过率。 表 1 2组基线资料比较(x±s) [n(%)][M(P25, P75)]
基线特征 联合治疗组(n=286) 对照组(n=141) P 年龄/岁 68.1±10.6 70.6±10.7 0.020 男 190(66.4) 84(59.6) 0.164 吸烟史 109(38.1) 35(24.8) 0.006 高血压史 228(79.7) 114(80.9) 0.708 糖尿病史 103(36.0) 62(44.0) 0.112 入院NIHSS评分/分 3(2, 5) 3(1, 5) 0.826 收缩压/mmHg 156.1±22.8 153.1±22.6 0.197 舒张压/mmHg 84.7±12.9 82.6±12.4 0.105 卒中发病到入院时间/h 24.0(10.8, 48.0) 48.0 (24.0, 72.0) < 0.001 甘油三酯/(mmol/L) 1.7±1.2 1.6±1.2 0.554 高密度脂蛋白/(mmol/L) 1.2±0.3 1.1±0.3 0.324 低密度脂蛋白/(mmol/L) 3.1±1.0 2.9±1.0 0.016 eGFR/[mL/(min·1.73 m2)] 86.6±17.7 81.7±19.8 0.010 感染 50(17.5) 27±19.1 0.674 用药情况 降压药 212±74.1 110±78.0 0.380 降糖药 101(35.3) 62±44.0 0.083 降脂药 278(97.2) 137±97.2 >0.999 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa。NIHSS: 美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表; eGFR: 估算肾小球滤过率。 表 2 2组责任动脉和大动脉粥样硬化亚型比较[n(%)]
项目 分类 联合治疗组(n=286) 对照组(n=141) P 责任动脉 前循环动脉 184(64.3) 96(68.1) 0.654 ICA 41(14.3) 17(12.1) MCA 121(42.3) 66(46.8) ACA 22(7.7) 13(9.2) 后循环动脉 91(31.8) 43(30.5) 0.368 BA 30(10.5) 14(9.9) VA 22(7.7) 15(10.6) PCA 39(13.6) 14(9.9) 多个或未明确的动脉 11(3.8) 2(1.4) 0.170 大动脉粥样硬化亚型 严重狭窄 87(30.4) 51(36.2) 0.232 非重度狭窄 84(29.4) 34(24.1) 0.253 穿支闭塞 88(30.8) 45(31.9) 0.810 远端闭塞 27(9.4) 11(7.8) 0.061 ICA: 颈内动脉; MCA: 大脑中动脉; ACA: 大脑前动脉; BA: 基底动脉; VA: 椎动脉; PCA: 大脑后动脉。 表 2 2组责任动脉和大动脉粥样硬化亚型比较[n(%)]
项目 分类 联合治疗组(n=286) 对照组(n=141) P 责任动脉 前循环动脉 184(64.3) 96(68.1) 0.654 ICA 41(14.3) 17(12.1) MCA 121(42.3) 66(46.8) ACA 22(7.7) 13(9.2) 后循环动脉 91(31.8) 43(30.5) 0.368 BA 30(10.5) 14(9.9) VA 22(7.7) 15(10.6) PCA 39(13.6) 14(9.9) 多个或未明确的动脉 11(3.8) 2(1.4) 0.170 大动脉粥样硬化亚型 严重狭窄 87(30.4) 51(36.2) 0.232 非重度狭窄 84(29.4) 34(24.1) 0.253 穿支闭塞 88(30.8) 45(31.9) 0.810 远端闭塞 27(9.4) 11(7.8) 0.061 ICA: 颈内动脉; MCA: 大脑中动脉; ACA: 大脑前动脉; BA: 基底动脉; VA: 椎动脉; PCA: 大脑后动脉。 表 3 2组药物治疗后的疗效和安全性的多因素回归分析
结局指标 分类 联合治疗组(n=286) 对照组(n=141) OR(95%CI) P 调整P 主要疗效结局 mRS评分(0~2分) 244(85.3) 105(74.5) 2.265(1.585~3.238) 0.007 < 0.001 次要疗效结局 END 81(28.3) 40(28.4) 1.245(0.869~1.785) 0.667 0.232 复发血管事件 14(4.9) 7(5.0) 1.316(0.725~2.389) 0.878 0.366 心脑血管死亡 3(1.0) 3(2.1) 2.460(0.549~11.012) 0.369 0.239 NIHSS减分值 1(0, 2) 1(0,1) 0.321(0.016~0.625) 0.072 0.039 安全性结局 症状性颅内出血 4(1.4) 4(2.8) 1.166(0.395~3.437) 0.815 0.781 严重颅外出血 5(1.7) 4(2.8) 1.199(0.426~3.374) 0.656 0.731 mRS: 改良Rankin量表; NIHSS: 美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表; END: 早期神经功能恶化。 表 3 2组药物治疗后的疗效和安全性的多因素回归分析
结局指标 分类 联合治疗组(n=286) 对照组(n=141) OR(95%CI) P 调整P 主要疗效结局 mRS评分(0~2分) 244(85.3) 105(74.5) 2.265(1.585~3.238) 0.007 < 0.001 次要疗效结局 END 81(28.3) 40(28.4) 1.245(0.869~1.785) 0.667 0.232 复发血管事件 14(4.9) 7(5.0) 1.316(0.725~2.389) 0.878 0.366 心脑血管死亡 3(1.0) 3(2.1) 2.460(0.549~11.012) 0.369 0.239 NIHSS减分值 1(0, 2) 1(0,1) 0.321(0.016~0.625) 0.072 0.039 安全性结局 症状性颅内出血 4(1.4) 4(2.8) 1.166(0.395~3.437) 0.815 0.781 严重颅外出血 5(1.7) 4(2.8) 1.199(0.426~3.374) 0.656 0.731 mRS: 改良Rankin量表; NIHSS: 美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表; END: 早期神经功能恶化。 表 4 2组主要疗效结局的亚型分析[n(%)]
指标 分类 n 联合治疗组(n=286) 对照组(n=141) P OR(95%CI) n mRS评分(0~2分) n mRS评分(0~2分) 年龄 < 69岁 208 153 136(88.9) 55 46(83.6) 0.214 1.888(0.692~5.150) ≥69岁 219 133 109(82.0) 86 59(68.6) 0.045 2.040(1.015~4.099) 性别 女 153 96 77(80.2) 57 39(68.4) 0.221 1.659(0.738~3.731) 男 274 190 168(88.4) 84 66(78.6) 0.014 2.562(1.208~5.433) 入院NIHSS评分 < 3分 187 125 115(92.0) 62 57(91.9) 0.791 1.220(0.280~5.311) ≥3分 240 161 31(19.3) 79 48(60.8) 0.003 2.664(1.402~5.062) 卒中发病到入院时间 ≤24 h 243 180 147(81.7) 63 42(66.7) 0.057 1.935(0.981~3.816) >24 h 184 106 98(92.5) 78 63(80.8) 0.085 2.383(0.887~6.400) 责任动脉 前循环 280 184 151(82.1) 96 65(67.7) 0.009 2.339(1.239~4.414) 后循环 134 91 85(93.4) 43 39(90.7) 0.923 1.082(0.219~5.345) 大动脉粥样硬化亚型 严重狭窄 138 87 68(78.2) 51 34(66.7) 0.152 0.548(0.241~1.248) 非重度狭窄 118 84 71(84.5) 34 28(82.4) 0.414 1.673(0.486~5.762) 穿支闭塞 133 88 81(92.0) 45 35(77.8) 0.047 3.831(1.015~14.455) 远端闭塞 38 27 24(88.9) 11 8(72.7) 0.541 2.006(0.215~18.714) 表 4 2组主要疗效结局的亚型分析[n(%)]
指标 分类 n 联合治疗组(n=286) 对照组(n=141) P OR(95%CI) n mRS评分(0~2分) n mRS评分(0~2分) 年龄 < 69岁 208 153 136(88.9) 55 46(83.6) 0.214 1.888(0.692~5.150) ≥69岁 219 133 109(82.0) 86 59(68.6) 0.045 2.040(1.015~4.099) 性别 女 153 96 77(80.2) 57 39(68.4) 0.221 1.659(0.738~3.731) 男 274 190 168(88.4) 84 66(78.6) 0.014 2.562(1.208~5.433) 入院NIHSS评分 < 3分 187 125 115(92.0) 62 57(91.9) 0.791 1.220(0.280~5.311) ≥3分 240 161 31(19.3) 79 48(60.8) 0.003 2.664(1.402~5.062) 卒中发病到入院时间 ≤24 h 243 180 147(81.7) 63 42(66.7) 0.057 1.935(0.981~3.816) >24 h 184 106 98(92.5) 78 63(80.8) 0.085 2.383(0.887~6.400) 责任动脉 前循环 280 184 151(82.1) 96 65(67.7) 0.009 2.339(1.239~4.414) 后循环 134 91 85(93.4) 43 39(90.7) 0.923 1.082(0.219~5.345) 大动脉粥样硬化亚型 严重狭窄 138 87 68(78.2) 51 34(66.7) 0.152 0.548(0.241~1.248) 非重度狭窄 118 84 71(84.5) 34 28(82.4) 0.414 1.673(0.486~5.762) 穿支闭塞 133 88 81(92.0) 45 35(77.8) 0.047 3.831(1.015~14.455) 远端闭塞 38 27 24(88.9) 11 8(72.7) 0.541 2.006(0.215~18.714) -
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