Correlations of intelligence level and cognitive function with electroencephalogram abnormalities in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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摘要:目的
探讨注意缺陷多动障碍患儿(ADHD)智力水平、认知功能与脑电图异常的相关性。
方法选取85例ADHD患儿设为ADHD组，另选取同期体检的82例健康儿童设为对照组。2组儿童均接受脑电图检查，并分别采用中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表(C-WISC)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)评估其智力水平、认知功能。采用Pearson相关分析法探讨C-WISC、WCST评估结果与ADHD患儿脑电图异常概率的相关性。
结果ADHD组患儿α波形不齐、β节律增多、θ波增多、δ波增多、癫痫样放电发生率和脑电图总异常率均高于对照组儿童，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。C-WISC评估结果显示, ADHD组患儿的言语智商(VIQ)、操作智商(PIQ)及总智商(FIQ)均低于对照组儿童，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05); 根据脑电图检查结果有无异常将ADHD患儿进一步分为异常组41例和正常组44例，异常组患儿的VIQ、PIQ、FIQ均低于正常组患儿，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。WCST评估结果显示, ADHD组患儿的完成分类数低于对照组儿童，错误应答数、持续性错误数和持续性应答数高于对照组儿童，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。ADHD患儿的VIQ、PIQ、FIQ、完成分类数均与脑电图异常概率呈负相关(r=-0.421、-0.462、-0.561、-0.403, P < 0.05)。
结论部分ADHD患儿存在脑电图异常、智力水平下降和认知功能受损情况，且脑电图异常的概率与ADHD患儿的智力水平、认知功能呈负相关。
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关键词:
- 注意缺陷多动障碍 /
- 中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表 /
- 认知功能 /
- 智力 /
- 脑电图
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the correlations of intelligence level and cognitive function with electroencephalogram abnormalities in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
MethodsA total of 85 children with ADHD were enrolled as ADHD group, and another 82 healthy children who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as control group. Both groups underwent electroencephalogram examinations and were assessed for intelligence level and cognitive function using the Chinese-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlations of the C-WISC and WCST assessment results with the probability of EEG abnormalities in children with ADHD.
ResultsChildren in the ADHD group exhibited higher incidence of irregular α waves, increased β rhythm, increased θ waves, increased δ waves, epileptiform discharges, and a higher overall abnormal rate in electroencephalogram compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). C-WISC assessment results showed that the Verbal Intelligence Quotient (VIQ), Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ), and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FIQ) of children in the ADHD group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). According to the electroencephalogram results, children with ADHD were further divided into abnormal group of 41 cases and normal group of 44 cases. The VIQ, PIQ, and FIQ of children in the abnormal group were lower than those in the normal group(P < 0.05). The WCST assessment results showed that the number of categories completed by children in the ADHD group was lower than that of the control group, while the number of error responses, perseverative errors, and perseverative responses were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The VIQ, PIQ, FIQ, and number of categories completed in children with ADHD were negatively correlated with the probability of EEG abnormalities (r=-0.421, -0.462, -0.561, -0.403, P < 0.05).
ConclusionSome children with ADHD exhibit electroencephalogram abnormalities, decreased intelligence levels, and impaired cognitive function, and the probability of electroencephalogram abnormalities is negatively correlated with the intelligence level and cognitive function of children with ADHD.
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表 1 对照组与ADHD组儿童脑电图检查结果比较[n(%)]
组别 n 慢波性异常 癫痫样放电 合计 α波形不齐 β节律增多 θ波增多 δ波增多 对照组 82 0 0 3(3.66) 1(1.22) 0 4(4.88) ADHD组 85 8(9.41)* 4(4.71)* 9(10.59)* 7(8.24)* 13(15.29)* 41(48.24)* 与对照组比较, *P < 0.05。 
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表 2 对照组与ADHD组儿童C-WISC评估结果比较(x±s)
组别 n VIQ PIQ FIQ 对照组 82 105.26±12.65 107.33±11.67 106.64±11.83 ADHD组 85 84.24±13.45* 96.12±13.51* 89.87±14.35* C-WISC: 中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表; VIQ: 言语智商; PIQ: 操作智商; FIQ: 总智商。与对照组比较, *P < 0.05。
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表 3 不同脑电图检查结果ADHD患儿的C-WISC评估结果比较(x±s)
组别 n VIQ PIQ FIQ 正常组 44 86.05±12.99 99.82±13.28 91.64±12.79 异常组 41 75.94±9.88* 91.97±14.06* 75.91±13.82* 与正常组比较, *P < 0.05。
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表 4 对照组与ADHD组儿童WCST评估结果比较(x±s)
组别 n 完成分类数 错误应答数 持续性错误数 持续性应答数 对照组 82 5.08±1.19 40.67±10.34 5.64±1.19 14.32±4.16 ADHD组 85 3.69±0.97* 52.61±11.33* 7.61±1.62* 19.98±3.89* WCST: 威斯康星卡片分类测验。与对照组比较, *P < 0.05。
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