Abstract: Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and number of nucleolarga-nizer region-associated proteins (AgNOR) were detected in 10 cases of prostatic carcinoma and 20 casesof benign hyperplasia tissue using the immunohistochemical method and silver-staining technique. The re-sults showed that the proportion of PCNA posttive cell and counts of AgNOR had significant differentionbetween malignant and benign tissue (P0. 01 ). and were increased with grade Prognosis of the patientWith high PCNA (50%) and high AgNOR counts (4. 0) was worse than those with PCNA indexbelow (50% ) and AgNOR counts below. Our findings suggest that PCNA and AgNOR might be usedto differentiate benign tumors from malignant, and have a reference value on evaluating the prognosis ofprostatic carcinoma.