Abstract: Objective To investigate the efficacy of aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon α-2b injection in treatment of children with hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD). Methods Totally 80 children with HFMD were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with 40 cases in each group. Control group was treated with routine treatment, while treatment group was treated with aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon α-2b injection based on routine treatment. The improvement of clinical symptoms and change of serum indexes were compared between two groups. Results After 3 and 6 days of treatment, the body temperature of children in the treatment group was(37.20±0.37)℃ and(36.80±0.31)℃, which were significantly lower than(37.50±0.46)℃ and(37.10±0.29)℃ in the control group(P<0.05). After 3 and 6 days of treatment, the improvement of food intake and herpes in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group(P<0.05), and the levels of white blood cell count(WBC)and C reactive protein(CRP)were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon α-2b injection is effective in treatment of children with HFMD, which can shorten improvement time of clinical symptoms, improve serum indexes and promote rehabilitation of children.