Abstract: Objective To compare clinical effect of laparoscopic and choledochoscopic cholecystectomy combined with common bile duct exploration versus conventional surgery in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. Methods A total of 62 patients with choledocholithiasis were divided into two groups. The control group(n=31)underwent traditional open cholecystectomy combined with common bile duct exploration, while the study group(n=31)carried out laparoscopic and choledochoscopic cholecystectomy combined with common bile duct exploration. The incidence of postoperative complications, hospitalization time, recovery time of gastrointestinal function, stone removal rate and changes in quality of life before and after nursing were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of postoperative complications in the study group was lower, and the hospitalization time and postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery time were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05). The stone removal rate in the study group showed no statistically significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05). The scores of quality of life in the study group and the control group after operation were higher than those before treatment, and the study group was higher than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic and choledochoscopic cholecystectomy combined with common bile duct exploration has better clinical effect than that of traditional open cholecystectomy combined with common bile duct exploration, which can reduce the incidence of complications, improve the rate of stone removal and the quality of life.