Abstract: Atherosclerosis is the common pathological basis of coronary heart disease, peripheral arteriosclerosis obliterans and other cardiovascular diseases, its molecular mechanism of occurrence and development is very complex, and many factors such as microthrombosis in plaque, local inflammation and immune response participate in this process and interact with each other. Erythrocyte-derived microparticles are membrane containing vesicles produced by red blood cells, which have many biological activities, such as promoting blood coagulation, participating in inflammatory reaction, regulating vascular endothelial function and so on. Circulating erythrocyte-derived microparticles may contain potentially valuable biological information, which can be used to develop specific biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, and can be used as a carrier for treatment. Therefore, it is very important to understand the role of erythrocyte-derived microparticles in atherosclerosis, which is helpful to understand the mechanism of atherosclerosis at the molecular level, or to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.