Abstract: Objective To observe the effect of rapid puncture and drainage by indwelling tube through drilling hole of posterior cranial fossa in the treatment of cerebellar hemorrhage. Methods A total of 80 patients with cerebellar hemorrhage were selected as research objects. According to random number table method, they were divided into study group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with traditional craniotomy and hematoma clearance, while the study group was treated with rapid drainage by indwelling tube through drilling hole of posterior cranial fossa. The preoperative hematoma volume, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative hematoma clearance time, hospitalization time, Barthel score before and after operation, treatment effect and postoperative complications were recorded. Results The total good rate of the study group was 77.5%, which was significantly higher than 52.5% of the control group(P<0.05); the intraoperative blood loss was less, operation time, postoperative hematoma clearance time and hospital stay in the study group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in preoperative hematoma volume between the two groups(P>0.05). Before operation, there was no significant difference in Barthel score between the two groups(P>0.05). At 1 month after operation, the Barthel scores of the two groups was significantly higher than operation before, and the Barthel score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05); the incidence of postoperative complications in the study group was 7.5%, which was significantly lower than 32.5% of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared - with traditional hematoma evacuation by craniotomy, rapid puncture and drainage by indwelling tube through drilling hole of posterior cranial fossa in treating cerebellar hemorrhage has the advantages of less operation trauma, shorter operation time, less complications, better curative efficacy and recovery, and lower requirements for surgical equipment. Therefore, it is easy to carry out this project in primary hospitals.