Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive glomerular, tubular and interstitial damages, and progressive decline of renal function, often accompanying by complications such as hypertension, reduced erythropoietin synthesis and metabolic acidosis. The imbalance of intestinal flora may be related to CKD. On the one hand, intestinal microflora can affect the occurrence and development of CKD through inflammatory, endocrine and neural pathways; on the other hand, CKD can also significantly change the composition and function of intestinal microflora, and lead to intestinal flora imbalance. This interaction suggests that dysregulation of intestinal flora may be a potential therapeutic target for CKD. In this study, we reviewed the interaction between intestinal flora dysregulation and CKD as well as the treatment methods to restore the function of intestinal renal axis.