Abstract: Occurrence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia or hyperglycemia in elderly people is related to factors such as high sugar, high fat, high salt, smoking, excessive drinking, obesity, lack of exercise and sleep. Mediterranean diet is mainly based on scientific and reasonable dietary structure such as olive oil, whole grain, beans, vegetables, fruits, nuts, seafood and fish, and through continuous optimization and verification, it has become one of the best dietary methods for the elderly people with hypertension, hyperlipidemia or hyperglycemia to prevent and control chronic diseases and reduce the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. This paper summarized the characteristics and evolution of the Mediterranean diet and its influence on the health factors of the elderly patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia or hyperglycemia, so as to provide a basis for its further promotion and improvement.