Objective To retrieve, evaluate and integrate evidences for the prevention of urinary sepsis in patients with nephrostomy tube indwelling.

Methods Relevant literatures were searched according to the "6S" evidence-based pyramid model, and the retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to August 2023. Two team members independently evaluated the quality of various literatures. The data extraction was performed for the literatures meeting the criteria, and the evidences were graded.

Results A total of 11 articles were finally included, including 1 evidence summary, 4 guidelines, 2 systematic reviews, and 4 expert consensuses. Eighteen evidences for the prevention of urosepsis in patients with nephrostomy tubes were summarized, including five topics: evaluation of indwelling time, selection of nephrostomy tubes, indwelling duration, prevention and nursing of complications and extubation timing.

Conclusion This study summarizes evidences for the prevention of urosepsis in patients with nephrostomy tubes, which can provide clinicians with evidence-based nursing basis and reference for scientific nursing of nephrostomy tubes.