Research progress of point in range and other blood glucose management indicators in type 2 diabetic nephropathy

Compared with diabetic patients without microvascular complications, patients with diabetic nephropathy usually have a longer course of disease, larger fluctuations in blood glucose, and are more likely to have multiple adverse outcomes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have not been routinely used in clinical practice, thus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is still an important tool for monitoring blood glucose and guiding treatment. SMBG provides point blood glucose, not a continuous trend over time, so point in range (PIR) provides less data than time in target range (TIR). However, some studies have found that PIR is an effective marker of blood sugar control, which is comparable to TIR assessed by CGM, and can be used as an effective indicator for evaluating blood sugar fluctuations. This article reviewed the application of PIR instead of TIR as a new blood glucose monitoring index in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.