Clinical value of diagnostic biomarkers for patent foramen ovale-associated stroke

Patent foramen ovale-associated stroke (PFO-AS) refers to attack of ischemic stroke without other clear etiology in patients with moderate-to-high risk PFO. At present, there is no gold standard for diagnosis of PFO-AS, and the exclusive diagnosis is the main method in clinic. A full understanding of the diagnostic biomarkers for PFO-AS can help to increase the accuracy of diagnosis, and so as to give early treatment and benefit patients. This article summarized the research progress on multiple biomarkers for PFO-AS, and discussed its clinical application value.