Effects of intervention model based on empowerment theory on health belief, self-care behavior and prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective  To explore the effects of intervention model based on empowerment theory on health belief, self-care behavior and prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods  A total of 500 patients with PCI for myocardial infarction in the hospital from November 2021 to October 2023 were randomly divided into control group (n=250) and observation group (n=250). The control group was given routine intervention mode, the observation group was given intervention mode based on empowerment theory, and both groups were intervened until one month after discharge. Before and after intervention, the health beliefthe Coronary Heart Disease Health Belief Scale (CADHBS), self-care abilitythe Evaluation for Self-care Ability (ESCA), cardiac function indexesleft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 6 minutes walking test (6MWT) and quality of lifethe Chinese Questionnaire of Quality of Life in Chinese Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases (CQQC) were compared between the two groups; the incidence rate of adverse cardiac events during intervention was compared between the two groups.

Results  Compared with the control group, the total score of CADHBS and the score of each dimension as well as the total score of ESCA and the score of each dimension in the observation group were significantly higher (P < 0.05). After intervention, the LVEF and 6MWT in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The total incidence rate of adverse cardiac events was 19.60 % in the observation group, which was significantly lower than 28.00 % in the control group (P < 0.05). After intervention, the CQQC score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion  For the patients with PCI for myocardial infarction, implementation of intervention model based on empowerment theory can enhance health belief and self-care ability, improve the cardiac function and quality of life, and reduce the incidence rate of adverse cardiac events.