Abstract: Objective To explore the related factors of infection in operation area after operation for open fracture of tibia and fibula.Methods A total of 628 patients with open fracture of tibia and fibula were selected.After operation,49 cases with infection in operation area were designed as observation group,and the infection rate was 12.58％,while 579 cases without infection were designed as control group.The risk factors of infection were evaluated.Results The infection rates of the aged over and equal to 60 years old,patients with basic disease ≥ 3 types,Ⅲ b fracture,fixation of external fixation and internal fixation,postoperative drainage,thorough debridement and skin flap to cover the wound and hospitalization time≥ 3 weeks were 45.35％,20.59％,25.51％,47.73％,23.08％,15.38％,23.31％ and 20.10％ respectively.The injury to operation time and operation time in the observation group were significantly longer than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The risk factors of postoperative infection in operation area after open fracture of tibia and fibula were the age,basic disease,fracture classification,fixation,postoperative drainage,debridement and thorough debridement,the time of injury to the operation,operation time,and hospitalization time.