Analysis in monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders from 2005 to 2021 in Wujiang District of Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province
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摘要:目的
分析2005—2021年江苏省苏州市吴江区居民碘营养状况。
方法将苏州市吴江区辖区划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区，每年随机抽取片区内一定数量的家庭户、孕妇及8~10周岁儿童。采集家庭户食盐样本以及孕妇、儿童随机尿样，采用B超监测儿童甲状腺容积，计算盐碘、尿碘中位数。
结果2005—2021年，平均合格碘盐食用率为95.59%(4795/5016), 平均碘盐合格率为97.46%(4795/4920), 平均非碘盐率为1.91%(96/5016), 盐碘中位数为27.91mg/kg。碘盐新标准实施后，盐碘中位数下降，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。儿童甲状腺肿大率为0.93%, 尿碘中位数为204.10μg/L; 降碘后，儿童尿碘中位数下降，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05), 尿碘浓度≥300μg/L者比率下降，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。2005—2021年孕妇尿碘中位数为154.96μg/L, 尿碘浓度 < 150μg/L者比率为54.42%。
结论2005—2021年苏州市吴江区碘盐普及率较高，孕妇和儿童碘营养处于适宜水平。降碘后，儿童碘过量风险降低，但仍有部分孕妇处于碘缺乏水平，建议加快推进孕妇分类碘盐政策，保障孕期碘盐生理需求。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the iodine nutritional status of residents from 2005 to 2021 in Wujiang District of Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province.
MethodsWujiang District of Suzhou City was divided into five areaseast, west, south, north and middle areas, and a certain number of households, pregnant women and children aged 8 to 10 in the areas were randomly selected every year. Salt samples of households and the random urine samples of pregnant women and children were collected, thyroid volume of children was monitored by B-ultrasound, and the median salt iodine and urine iodine were calculated.
ResultsFrom 2005 to 2021, the average consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 95.59%(4 795/5 016), the average qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.46%(4 795/4 920), the average non-iodized salt rate was 1.91%(96/5 016), and the median salt iodine was 27.91 mg/kg. After the implementation of the new standard for iodized salt, the median salt iodine was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). The rate of thyroid enlargement in children was 0.93%, and the median urinary iodine was 204.10 μg/L; after reducing iodine concentration in salt, the median urinary iodine in children was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the ratio of children with urinary iodine concentration≥300 μg/L was significantly decreased as well (P < 0.01). The median urinary iodine of pregnant women from 2005 to 2021 was 154.96 μg/L, and the ratio of those with urinary iodine concentration < 150 μg/L was 54.42%.
ConclusionFrom 2005 to 2021, the popularity rate of iodized salt in Wujiang District of Suzhou City is high, and the iodine nutrition of pregnant women and children is at an appropriate level. After reducing iodine concentration in salt, the risk of iodine excess in children is reduced, but some pregnant women are still at iodine deficiency level, so we suggest accelerating the policy of classified iodized salt for pregnant women to ensure the physiological needs of iodized salt during pregnancy.
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Keywords:
- iodine deficiency disorders /
- salt iodine /
- urinary iodine /
- children /
- pregnant women /
- thyroid enlargement /
- iodine nutrition
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表 1 2005—2021年居民户碘盐定量监测情况
年份 检测份数/份 合格份数/份 合格碘盐食用率/% 不合格份数/份 碘盐合格率/% 非碘盐份数/份 盐碘中位数/(mg/kg) 2005 288 266 92.36 17 93.99 5 28.20 2006 288 244 84.72 33 88.09 11 29.50 2007 288 281 97.57 3 98.94 4 30.70 2008 288 281 97.57 6 97.91 1 32.40 2009 288 281 97.57 5 98.25 2 28.40 2010 288 286 99.31 2 99.31 0 32.50 2011 288 286 99.31 1 99.65 1 31.10 2012 300 293 97.67 4 98.65 3 32.00 2013 300 295 98.33 5 98.33 0 27.60 2014 300 295 98.33 1 99.66 4 25.90 2015 300 297 99.00 2 99.33 1 27.10 2016 300 294 98.00 5 98.33 1 25.30 2017 300 285 95.00 7 97.60 8 25.40 2018 300 277 92.33 10 96.52 13 26.72 2019 300 283 94.33 5 98.26 12 25.60 2020 300 280 93.33 7 97.56 13 24.53 2021 300 271 90.33 12 95.76 17 21.47 合格碘盐食用率=符合国家碘含量标准的盐样份数/检测份数×100%;
碘盐合格率=符合国家碘含量标准的盐样份数/碘含量≥5 mg/kg盐样份数×100%。
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表 2 2005—2021年学生尿碘和甲状腺肿大监测情况[n(%)]
年份 尿样份数/份 尿碘中位数/(μg/L) 尿碘浓度分布/(μg/L) 甲状腺肿大 < 100 100~ < 200 200~ < 300 ≥300 调查人数/人 肿大情况 2005 48 226.12 6(12.50) 14(29.17) 24(50.00) 4(8.33) 160 3(1.88) 2007 48 204.40 3(6.25) 19(39.58) 12(25.00) 14(29.17) 160 1(0.63) 2009 100 235.51 11(11.00) 29(29.00) 34(34.00) 26(26.00) 200 1(0.50) 2012 150 228.00 11(7.33) 54(36.00) 41(27.33) 44(29.33) 150 1(0.67) 2013 50 202.53 7(14.00) 15(30.00) 20(40.00) 8(16.00) 250 0 2014 50 214.02 3(6.00) 19(38.00) 19(38.00) 9(18.00) 0 0 2015 200 204.90 29(14.50) 62(31.00) 64(32.00) 45(22.50) 200 0 2016 200 188.74 26(13.00) 80(40.00) 56(28.00) 38(19.00) 200 2(1.00) 2017 200 162.74 40(20.00) 90(45.00) 43(21.50) 27(13.50) 0 0 2018 200 199.58 26(13.00) 76(38.00) 72(36.00) 26(13.00) 0 0 2019 200 176.64 27(13.50) 92(46.00) 54(27.00) 27(13.50) 200 8(4.00) 2020 200 190.11 41(20.50) 68(34.00) 67(33.50) 24(12.00) 0 0 2021 200 220.02 26(13.00) 58(29.00) 69(34.50) 47(23.50) 200 0
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表 3 2005—2021年孕妇尿碘监测情况[n(%)]
年份 尿样份数/份 尿碘中位数/(μg/L) 尿碘浓度分布/(μg/L) < 150 150~ < 250 250~ < 500 ≥500 2008 5 315.00 0 1(20) 4(80) 0 2009 13 181.40 6(46.15) 6(46.15) 1(7.70) 0 2010 5 84.10 4(80.00) 1(20.00) 0 0 2011 9 204.00 3(33.33) 4(44.44) 1(11.11) 1(11.11) 2012 92 117.00 59(64.13) 26(28.26) 7(7.61) 0 2013 8 132.00 4(50.00) 4(50.00) 0 0 2014 50 143.00 26(52.00) 16(32.00) 7(14.00) 1(2.00) 2015 100 152.15 50(50.00) 32(32.00) 10(10.00) 8(8.00) 2016 100 151.60 49(49.00) 39(39.00) 10(10.00) 2(2.00) 2017 100 155.82 49(49.00) 23(23.00) 23(23.00) 5(5.00) 2018 100 127.53 64(64.00) 31(31.00) 4(4.00) 1(1.00) 2019 100 132.12 57(57.00) 33(33.00) 9(9.00) 1(1.00) 2020 100 143.39 50(50.00) 29(29.00) 21(21.00) 0 2021 100 130.39 59(59.00) 36(36.00) 4(4.00) 1(1.00)
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