2005—2021年江苏省苏州市吴江区碘缺乏病监测结果分析

沈红梅; 汤觉萍

doi:10.7619/jcmp.20222656

2005—2021年江苏省苏州市吴江区碘缺乏病监测结果分析

沈红梅,
汤觉萍^,

江苏省苏州市吴江区疾病预防控制中心血地寄防制科, 江苏苏州, 215220

详细信息

通讯作者:
汤觉萍, E-mail: 243751461@qq.com

中图分类号: R195.1;R599.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-31

Analysis in monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders from 2005 to 2021 in Wujiang District of Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province

SHEN Hongmei,
TANG Jueping^,

Department of Prevention and Control for Schistosomiasis, Endemic and Parasitic Diseases, Wujiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215220

摘要

摘要:
目的
分析2005—2021年江苏省苏州市吴江区居民碘营养状况。
方法
将苏州市吴江区辖区划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区，每年随机抽取片区内一定数量的家庭户、孕妇及8~10周岁儿童。采集家庭户食盐样本以及孕妇、儿童随机尿样，采用B超监测儿童甲状腺容积，计算盐碘、尿碘中位数。
结果
2005—2021年，平均合格碘盐食用率为95.59%(4795/5016), 平均碘盐合格率为97.46%(4795/4920), 平均非碘盐率为1.91%(96/5016), 盐碘中位数为27.91mg/kg。碘盐新标准实施后，盐碘中位数下降，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。儿童甲状腺肿大率为0.93%, 尿碘中位数为204.10μg/L; 降碘后，儿童尿碘中位数下降，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05), 尿碘浓度≥300μg/L者比率下降，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。2005—2021年孕妇尿碘中位数为154.96μg/L, 尿碘浓度 < 150μg/L者比率为54.42%。
结论
2005—2021年苏州市吴江区碘盐普及率较高，孕妇和儿童碘营养处于适宜水平。降碘后，儿童碘过量风险降低，但仍有部分孕妇处于碘缺乏水平，建议加快推进孕妇分类碘盐政策，保障孕期碘盐生理需求。
- 碘缺乏病 /
- 盐碘 /
- 尿碘 /
- 儿童 /
- 孕妇 /
- 甲状腺肿大 /
- 碘营养
Abstract:
Objective
To analyze the iodine nutritional status of residents from 2005 to 2021 in Wujiang District of Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province.
Methods
Wujiang District of Suzhou City was divided into five areaseast, west, south, north and middle areas, and a certain number of households, pregnant women and children aged 8 to 10 in the areas were randomly selected every year. Salt samples of households and the random urine samples of pregnant women and children were collected, thyroid volume of children was monitored by B-ultrasound, and the median salt iodine and urine iodine were calculated.
Results
From 2005 to 2021, the average consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 95.59%(4 795/5 016), the average qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.46%(4 795/4 920), the average non-iodized salt rate was 1.91%(96/5 016), and the median salt iodine was 27.91 mg/kg. After the implementation of the new standard for iodized salt, the median salt iodine was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). The rate of thyroid enlargement in children was 0.93%, and the median urinary iodine was 204.10 μg/L; after reducing iodine concentration in salt, the median urinary iodine in children was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the ratio of children with urinary iodine concentration≥300 μg/L was significantly decreased as well (P < 0.01). The median urinary iodine of pregnant women from 2005 to 2021 was 154.96 μg/L, and the ratio of those with urinary iodine concentration < 150 μg/L was 54.42%.
Conclusion
From 2005 to 2021, the popularity rate of iodized salt in Wujiang District of Suzhou City is high, and the iodine nutrition of pregnant women and children is at an appropriate level. After reducing iodine concentration in salt, the risk of iodine excess in children is reduced, but some pregnant women are still at iodine deficiency level, so we suggest accelerating the policy of classified iodized salt for pregnant women to ensure the physiological needs of iodized salt during pregnancy.
- iodine deficiency disorders /
- salt iodine /
- urinary iodine /
- children /
- pregnant women /
- thyroid enlargement /
- iodine nutrition

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表 1 2005—2021年居民户碘盐定量监测情况

年份	检测份数/份	合格份数/份	合格碘盐食用率/%	不合格份数/份	碘盐合格率/%	非碘盐份数/份	盐碘中位数/(mg/kg)
2005	288	266	92.36	17	93.99	5	28.20
2006	288	244	84.72	33	88.09	11	29.50
2007	288	281	97.57	3	98.94	4	30.70
2008	288	281	97.57	6	97.91	1	32.40
2009	288	281	97.57	5	98.25	2	28.40
2010	288	286	99.31	2	99.31	0	32.50
2011	288	286	99.31	1	99.65	1	31.10
2012	300	293	97.67	4	98.65	3	32.00
2013	300	295	98.33	5	98.33	0	27.60
2014	300	295	98.33	1	99.66	4	25.90
2015	300	297	99.00	2	99.33	1	27.10
2016	300	294	98.00	5	98.33	1	25.30
2017	300	285	95.00	7	97.60	8	25.40
2018	300	277	92.33	10	96.52	13	26.72
2019	300	283	94.33	5	98.26	12	25.60
2020	300	280	93.33	7	97.56	13	24.53
2021	300	271	90.33	12	95.76	17	21.47
合格碘盐食用率=符合国家碘含量标准的盐样份数/检测份数×100%; 碘盐合格率=符合国家碘含量标准的盐样份数/碘含量≥5 mg/kg盐样份数×100%。

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表 2 2005—2021年学生尿碘和甲状腺肿大监测情况[n(%)]

年份	尿样份数/份	尿碘中位数/(μg/L)	尿碘浓度分布/(μg/L)				甲状腺肿大
年份	尿样份数/份	尿碘中位数/(μg/L)	< 100	100~ < 200	200~ < 300	≥300	调查人数/人	肿大情况
2005	48	226.12	6(12.50)	14(29.17)	24(50.00)	4(8.33)	160	3(1.88)
2007	48	204.40	3(6.25)	19(39.58)	12(25.00)	14(29.17)	160	1(0.63)
2009	100	235.51	11(11.00)	29(29.00)	34(34.00)	26(26.00)	200	1(0.50)
2012	150	228.00	11(7.33)	54(36.00)	41(27.33)	44(29.33)	150	1(0.67)
2013	50	202.53	7(14.00)	15(30.00)	20(40.00)	8(16.00)	250	0
2014	50	214.02	3(6.00)	19(38.00)	19(38.00)	9(18.00)	0	0
2015	200	204.90	29(14.50)	62(31.00)	64(32.00)	45(22.50)	200	0
2016	200	188.74	26(13.00)	80(40.00)	56(28.00)	38(19.00)	200	2(1.00)
2017	200	162.74	40(20.00)	90(45.00)	43(21.50)	27(13.50)	0	0
2018	200	199.58	26(13.00)	76(38.00)	72(36.00)	26(13.00)	0	0
2019	200	176.64	27(13.50)	92(46.00)	54(27.00)	27(13.50)	200	8(4.00)
2020	200	190.11	41(20.50)	68(34.00)	67(33.50)	24(12.00)	0	0
2021	200	220.02	26(13.00)	58(29.00)	69(34.50)	47(23.50)	200	0

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表 3 2005—2021年孕妇尿碘监测情况[n(%)]

年份	尿样份数/份	尿碘中位数/(μg/L)	尿碘浓度分布/(μg/L)
年份	尿样份数/份	尿碘中位数/(μg/L)	< 150	150~ < 250	250~ < 500	≥500
2008	5	315.00	0	1(20)	4(80)	0
2009	13	181.40	6(46.15)	6(46.15)	1(7.70)	0
2010	5	84.10	4(80.00)	1(20.00)	0	0
2011	9	204.00	3(33.33)	4(44.44)	1(11.11)	1(11.11)
2012	92	117.00	59(64.13)	26(28.26)	7(7.61)	0
2013	8	132.00	4(50.00)	4(50.00)	0	0
2014	50	143.00	26(52.00)	16(32.00)	7(14.00)	1(2.00)
2015	100	152.15	50(50.00)	32(32.00)	10(10.00)	8(8.00)
2016	100	151.60	49(49.00)	39(39.00)	10(10.00)	2(2.00)
2017	100	155.82	49(49.00)	23(23.00)	23(23.00)	5(5.00)
2018	100	127.53	64(64.00)	31(31.00)	4(4.00)	1(1.00)
2019	100	132.12	57(57.00)	33(33.00)	9(9.00)	1(1.00)
2020	100	143.39	50(50.00)	29(29.00)	21(21.00)	0
2021	100	130.39	59(59.00)	36(36.00)	4(4.00)	1(1.00)

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