Abstract: Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignancies of the digestive system. Laparoscopic surgery, as a minimally invasive procedure, has advantages such as minimal trauma, rapid recovery, and shortened hospital stay, gradually becoming a main choice for treatment of digestive system diseases. However, anastomotic leakage remains one of the serious complications following this surgery, impacting patients'recovery and prognosis. This review aimed to summarize and analyze recent research on anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, exploring its pathogenesis, risk factors, preventive strategies, treatment and nursing measures, in order to provide a scientific basis and guidance for clinical practice.