Effects of dietary behavior intervention on expressions of serum α-synuclein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glutamate in children with autism spectrum disorders
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摘要:目的
探讨饮食行为干预对孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿血清α-突触核蛋白(α-SYN)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和谷氨酸(Glu)表达的影响。
方法选取ASD患儿88例, 随机分为观察组44例和对照组44例。对照组给予应用行为分析法，观察组在对照组基础上给予饮食行为干预。比较2组患儿相关指标。
结果干预后, 2组患儿角色功能、生理功能、情感功能及社会功能评分均较干预前升高，且观察组生活质量各项评分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。干预后, 2组患儿BDNF水平升高, Glu水平降低，且观察组BDNF水平高于对照组, Glu水平低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。干预后，观察组谷类、蔬菜类、豆类及豆制品、蛋类及蛋制品、乳类及乳制品、鱼类、肉类、水果类摄入比率均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。观察组胃肠道不良症状总发生率为4.55%, 低于对照组的22.73%, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
结论饮食行为干预能够显著提高ASD患儿BDNF水平，降低Glu水平，改善孤独症行为、生活质量及食物摄入情况，减轻胃肠道不适。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of dietary behavior intervention on the expressions of serum α-synuclein (α-SYN), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glutamate (Glu) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
MethodsA total of 88 children with ASD were randomly divided into observation group (n=44) and control group (n=44). The control group was conducted with behavior analysis, and the observation group was conducted with dietary behavior intervention on the basis of the control group. The related indexes were compared between the two groups.
ResultsAfter the intervention, the scores of role function, physiological function, emotional function and social function of children in both groups were significantly higher than those before the intervention, and the score of quality of life in the observation group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After intervention, the BDNF level of children increased significantly while the Glu level decreased significantly in both groups, the BDNF level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the Glu level was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After intervention, the intake rates of cereals, vegetables, beans and bean products, eggs and egg products, dairy and dairy products, fish, meat and fruits in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The total incidence rate of gastrointestinal adverse symptoms was 4.55% in the observation group, which was significantly lower than 22.73% in the control group (P < 0.05).
ConclusionDietary behavior intervention can significantly increase the level of BDNF in children with ASD, reduce the level of Glu, improve autism behavior, quality of life and food intake, and alleviate gastrointestinal discomfort.
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表 1 2组患儿干预前后CARS、ABC评分比较(x±s)
分 组别 CARS ABC 干预前 干预后 干预前 干预后 观察组(n=44) 39.63±4.18 35.64±2.38*# 65.72±7.64 58.72±4.83*# 对照组(n=44) 38.97±4.12 36.88±2.46* 64.18±7.58 61.02±4.88* CARS: 儿童孤独症评定量表; ABC: 孤独症行为量表。与干预前比较, *P < 0.05; 与对照组比较, #P < 0.05。 
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表 2 2组患儿干预前后生活质量比较(x±s)
分 组别 时点 观察组(n=44) 对照组(n=44) 角色功能 干预前 39.62±8.76 38.82±8.88 干预后 52.46±10.17*# 47.64±9.86* 生理功能 干预前 62.48±15.42 62.11±15.64 干预后 76.72±17.26*# 69.27±17.28* 情感功能 干预前 53.82±14.38 53.51±14.62 干预后 70.17±16.24*# 62.37±15.82* 社会功能 干预前 43.11±10.19 43.62±10.24 干预后 58.73±12.31*# 52.62±11.87* 与干预前比较, *P < 0.05; 与对照组比较, #P < 0.05。
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表 3 2组患儿干预前后血清α-SYN, BDNF和Glu水平比较(x±s)
组别 α-SYN/(μg/L) BDNF/(ng/mL) Glu/(mmoL/L) 干预前 干预后 干预前 干预后 干预前 干预后 观察组(n=44) 5.68±0.87 5.71±0.92 4.21±1.19 5.82±1.24*# 165.26±30.71 118.46±26.57*# 对照组(n=44) 5.67±0.86 5.89±0.91 4.23±1.21 5.17±1.31* 164.28±30.82 132.52±28.36* α-SYN: α-突触核蛋白; BDNF: 脑源性神经营养因子; Glu: 谷氨酸。与干预前比较, *P < 0.05; 与对照组比较, #P < 0.05。
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表 4 2组患儿干预后食物摄入情况比较[n(%)]
组别 谷类 蔬菜类 豆类及豆制品 蛋类及蛋制品 乳类及乳制品 鱼类 肉类 水果类 观察组(n=44) 39(88.64)* 32(72.73)* 34(77.27)* 37(84.09)* 42(95.45)* 28(63.64)* 36(81.82)* 32(72.73)* 对照组(n=44) 31(70.45) 20(45.45) 23(52.27) 28(63.64) 36(81.82) 17(38.64) 22(50.00) 18(40.91) 与对照组比较, *P < 0.05。
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表 5 2组患儿干预后胃肠道不良症状发生情况比较[n(%)]
组别 n 腹痛 便秘 腹泻 腹胀 合计 观察组 44 0 0 1(2.27) 1(2.27) 2(4.55)* 对照组 44 1(2.27) 4(9.09) 2(4.55) 3(6.82) 10(22.73) 与对照组比较, *P < 0.05。
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