Effects of intervention model based on empowerment theory on health belief, self-care behavior and prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
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摘要:目的
探讨基于授权理论的干预模式对心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者健康信念、自护行为和预后的影响。
方法将2021年11月-2023年10月在本院行PCI的500例心肌梗死患者随机分为对照组(n=250)和观察组(n=250)。对照组给予常规干预模式, 观察组给予基于授权理论的干预模式, 2组均干预至出院后1个月。比较2组干预前后健康信念[冠心病健康信念量表(CADHBS)]、自护能力[自我护理能力量表(ESCA)]、心功能指标[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、6 min步行试验(6MWT)]及生活质量[中国心血管病人生活质量评定问卷(CQQC)]情况; 比较2组干预期间心脏不良事件发生率。
结果观察组干预后CADHBS总分及各维度评分和ESCA总分及各维度评分均高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。观察组干预后LVEF及6MWT高于或长于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。观察组心脏不良事件总发生率为19.60 %, 低于对照组的28.00 %, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。观察组干预后CQQC评分高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
结论对心肌梗死行PCI患者实施基于授权理论的干预模式可提高其健康信念及自护能力, 改善心功能, 提高生活质量, 降低心脏不良事件发生率。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the effects of intervention model based on empowerment theory on health belief, self-care behavior and prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
MethodsA total of 500 patients with PCI for myocardial infarction in the hospital from November 2021 to October 2023 were randomly divided into control group (n=250) and observation group (n=250). The control group was given routine intervention mode, the observation group was given intervention mode based on empowerment theory, and both groups were intervened until one month after discharge. Before and after intervention, the health belief[the Coronary Heart Disease Health Belief Scale (CADHBS)], self-care ability[the Evaluation for Self-care Ability (ESCA)], cardiac function indexes[left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 6 minutes walking test (6MWT)] and quality of life[the Chinese Questionnaire of Quality of Life in Chinese Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases (CQQC)] were compared between the two groups; the incidence rate of adverse cardiac events during intervention was compared between the two groups.
ResultsCompared with the control group, the total score of CADHBS and the score of each dimension as well as the total score of ESCA and the score of each dimension in the observation group were significantly higher (P < 0.05). After intervention, the LVEF and 6MWT in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The total incidence rate of adverse cardiac events was 19.60 % in the observation group, which was significantly lower than 28.00 % in the control group (P < 0.05). After intervention, the CQQC score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).
ConclusionFor the patients with PCI for myocardial infarction, implementation of intervention model based on empowerment theory can enhance health belief and self-care ability, improve the cardiac function and quality of life, and reduce the incidence rate of adverse cardiac events.
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表 1 2组一般资料比较(x±s)[n(%)]
一般资料 分类 对照组(n=250) 观察组(n=250) t/χ2 P 性别 男 139(55.60) 130(52.00) 0.652 0.419 女 111(44.40) 120(48.00) 年龄/岁 63.01±12.38 62.56±11.89 0.415 0.679 病程/年 3.54±1.12 3.63±1.09 0.911 0.363 病变血管 左前降支 123(49.20) 119(46.60) 0.510 0.775 左回旋支 26(10.40) 31(12.40) 右冠状动脉 101(40.40) 100(40.00) 吸烟史 有 134(53.60) 129(51.60) 0.201 0.654 无 116(46.40) 121(48.40) 合并慢性病 糖尿病 87(34.80) 95(38.00) 0.827 0.661 高血压 91(36.40) 82(32.80) 血脂异常 72(28.80) 73(29.20) 术前Killip分级 Ⅰ级 142(56.80) 160(64.00) 2.709 0.100 Ⅱ级 108(43.20) 90(36.00) 支架植入个数 1个 139(55.60) 144(57.60) 0.204 0.652 ≥2个 111(44.40) 106(42.40) 表 2 2组冠心病健康信念量表评分比较(x±s)
分 维度 时点 对照组(n=250) 观察组(n=250) 感知行为障碍 干预前 8.54±1.55 8.47±1.61 干预后 9.95±2.09* 12.89±2.76*# 感知疾病易感性 干预前 8.06±1.49 8.11±1.52 干预后 10.12±1.99* 13.93±2.48*# 感知行为益处 干预前 8.11±1.57 8.15±1.61 干预后 9.85±1.87* 12.91±2.54*# 感知疾病严重性 干预前 7.61±1.58 7.49±1.51 干预后 10.46±2.18* 14.16±2.74*# 维护健康动机 干预前 8.21±1.61 8.26±1.67 干预后 10.21±2.18* 14.92±2.73*# 总分 干预前 40.53±6.69 40.48±6.58 干预后 50.59±7.67* 68.81±8.33*# 与干预前比较, * P<0.05; 与对照组比较, #P<0.05。 表 3 2组自我护理能力量表评分比较(x±s)
分 维度 时点 对照组(n=250) 观察组(n=250) 自护能力 干预前 26.15±4.31 25.97±4.26 干预后 30.24±5.68* 34.13±6.37*# 自我责任感 干预前 16.97±3.18 17.12±3.38 干预后 19.72±4.17* 23.84±4.89*# 自护概念 干预前 18.79±3.43 18.71±3.27 干预后 21.49±4.57* 24.86±5.24*# 健康知识水平 干预前 29.72±4.68 30.04±4.73 干预后 33.49±5.57* 37.89±6.34*# 总分 干预前 91.63±8.34 91.84±8.52 干预后 104.94±10.12* 120.72±12.37*# 与干预前比较, * P<0.05; 与对照组比较, #P<0.05。 表 4 2组心功能指标比较(x±s)
组别 6 min步行试验/m 左心室射血分数/% 干预前 干预后 干预前 干预后 对照组(n=250) 251.33±25.67 287.02±29.71* 47.62±5.21 56.97±6.84* 观察组(n=250) 249.93±24.74 338.42±33.72*# 47.95±5.64 62.87±7.12*# 与干预前比较, * P<0.05; 与对照组比较, #P<0.05。 表 5 2组心脏不良事件比较[n(%)]
组别 心绞痛 再发心肌梗死 心律失常 心力衰竭 合计 对照组(n=250) 22(8.80) 18(7.20) 13(5.20) 17(6.80) 70(28.00) 观察组(n=250) 16(6.40) 13(5.20) 9(3.60) 11(4.40) 49(19.60)* 与对照组比较, * P<0.05。 -
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