Advance Search
JI Yajie, LIU Hailin, ZHANG Xuping, CAI Weiwei, YIN Bianli, DUAN Zhihui. Sleep structure of Parkinson's disease patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and its correlations with cognitive function, depressive state and motor function[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2024, 28(19): 27-32. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.20241289
Citation: JI Yajie, LIU Hailin, ZHANG Xuping, CAI Weiwei, YIN Bianli, DUAN Zhihui. Sleep structure of Parkinson's disease patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and its correlations with cognitive function, depressive state and motor function[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2024, 28(19): 27-32. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.20241289
shu

Sleep structure of Parkinson's disease patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and its correlations with cognitive function, depressive state and motor function

  • Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, 471000

More Information
  • Received Date: March 27, 2024
  • Revised Date: June 11, 2024
    Graphical Abstract
    • Abstract
  • Objective 

    To investigate the sleep structure of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and its correlations with cognitive function, depressive state and motor function.

    Methods 

    A total of 120 PD patients were enrolled in this study, and divided into PD+RBD group (n=45) and PD group (n=75) based on the presence or absence of RBD. Sleep structure was recorded for both groups. The scores of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part Ⅲ (UPDRS-Ⅲ) and Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT) were compared between the two groups. The correlations of MoCA, HAMA, HAMD, UPDRS-Ⅲ and SCOPA-AUT scores with sleep structure in the PD+RBD group were analyzed.

    Results 

    The PD+RBD group showed significantly higher percentage of non-rapideye movement (NREM) at stage 1, arousal index, periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) compared to the PD group, while the percentages of NREM at stage 3, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, sleep efficiency and lowest oxygen saturation were significantly lower (P < 0.05). The PD+RBD group also had significantly higher HAMA, HAMD, UPDRS-Ⅲ and SCOPA-AUT scores, and significantly lower MoCA scores compared to the PD group (P < 0.05). In the PD+RBD group, the percentages of NREM at stage 1, arousal index, PLMS and AHI were positively correlated with HAMA, HAMD, UPDRS-Ⅲ and SCOPA-AUT scores, and negatively correlated with MoCA scores (P < 0.05). Conversely, the percentages of NREM at stage 3, REM sleep, sleep efficiency and lowest oxygen saturation were negatively correlated with HAMA, HAMD, UPDRS-Ⅲ and SCOPA-AUT scores, and positively correlated with MoCA scores (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion 

    PD patients with RBD exhibit disrupted sleep structure, which is closely associated with cognitive function, depressive state, motor function, and autonomic nervous system function.

    • FullText(HTML)
    • References (20)
  • [1]
    浦佳丽, 张宝荣. 脑胶质-淋巴系统: 帕金森病α-突触核蛋白清除机制的新探索[J]. 中华神经科杂志, 2021, 54(8): 758-761. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn113694-20210128-00073
    [2]
    王文婷, 陈鸿旭, 李娅, 等. 伴快速眼动睡眠行为障碍帕金森病患者临床特点及自主神经功能障碍变化[J]. 中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志, 2019, 26(3): 153-157. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2963.2019.03.001
    [3]
    JEBELLI H, MAHDI KHALILI M, LEE S. A continuously updated, computationally efficient stress recognition framework using electroencephalogram (EEG) by applying online multitask learning algorithms (OMTL)[J]. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 2019, 23(5): 1928-1939. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2018.2870963
    [4]
    李欣, 任宁, 王敏, 等. 快速眼动睡眠期行为障碍发病至运动症状出现时间间隔与帕金森病临床特征之相关研究[J]. 中国现代神经疾病杂志, 2022, 22(3): 168-172. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2022.03.008
    [5]
    陈菊萍, 韩漾, 缪虹, 等. 帕金森病患者睡眠质量、情绪对其照料者的影响[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2020, 100(43): 3414-3418. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200225-00444
    [6]
    黄河灵, 高玉元, 王丽娟. 血管相关因素与帕金森病认知功能障碍的研究进展[J]. 中华神经科杂志, 2020, 53(7): 540-543. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn113694-20200108-00023
    [7]
    陈书丽, 王金莹, 崔林阳, 等. RBD患者的睡眠结构及其与情绪状态、自主神经功能症状、睡眠质量的相关性[J]. 中华神经医学杂志, 2018, 17(1): 88-94. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-8925.2018.01.017
    [8]
    王振, 宁连才, 刘宝珠, 等. 快速眼动睡眠行为障碍对帕金森病患者认知功能的影响[J]. 新医学, 2021, 52(12): 929-933. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9802.2021.12.008
    [9]
    中华医学会神经病学分会帕金森病及运动障碍学组, 中国医师协会神经内科医师分会帕金森病及运动障碍专业. 中国帕金森病的诊断标准(2016版)[J]. 中华神经科杂志, 2016, 49(4): 268-271. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-7876.2016.04.002
    [10]
    ITO E, INOUE Y. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Includes bibliographies and index[J]. Nihon Rinsho, 2015, 73(6): 916-923.
    [11]
    李见, 李长青, 刘东涛, 等. MoCA北京版和MMSE评估老年缺血性脑白质病变患者认知障碍的分析[J]. 中风与神经疾病杂志, 2019, 36(11): 982-986.
    [12]
    贝政平. 内科疾病诊断标准[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001: 903-909.
    [13]
    GOETZ C G, TILLEY B C, SHAFTMAN S R, et al. Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results[J]. Mov Disord, 2008, 23(15): 2129-2170. doi: 10.1002/mds.22340
    [14]
    赵翠, 王兆鹏, 侯瑞, 等. 伴快速眼动睡眠行为障碍帕金森病患者认知功能与睡眠结构的相关性[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2020, 40(19): 4149-4151. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2020.19.038
    [15]
    吴俊丽, 黄卫. 伴快速眼动期睡眠行为障碍帕金森病患者认知功能与睡眠结构的相关性[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2017, 37(23): 5823-5825. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2017.23.033
    [16]
    LECLAIR-VISONNEAU L, CLAIREMBAULT T, CORON E, et al. REM sleep behavior disorder is related to enteric neuropathology in Parkinson disease[J]. Neurology, 2017, 89(15): 1612-1618. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004496
    [17]
    张靖, 吴小云, 王俊男, 等. 帕金森病伴RBD患者睡眠结构与认知功能及自主神经功能症状的相关性[J]. 中国现代医学杂志, 2021, 31(9): 83-88. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2021.09.016
    [18]
    张柳娟, 缪琴华, 夏清. 帕金森病合并睡眠障碍患者精神行为症状、认知障碍、生活质量调查[J]. 中国现代医生, 2021, 59(15): 151-155.
    [19]
    张荷笛, 张丽, 朱骏, 等. 基于量表的帕金森病睡眠障碍的发生率及临床特点分析[J]. 实用老年医学, 2020, 34(7): 674-678.
    [20]
    陆晓双, 李成, 高霞, 等. 帕金森病伴睡眠障碍的研究进展[J]. 中国实用神经疾病杂志, 2024, 27(1): 108-112.
    • Related Articles

  • Related Articles

    [1]PENG Shunxian, TAO Hua, CHEN Xiaofeng, PENG Jifang, JIANG Shudi. Application value of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio combined with grip strength and serum prealbumin in patients with esophageal cancer[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2024, 28(17): 15-19, 26. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.20242187
    [2]ZHANG Wenjing, GAN Jianhe. Predictive value of age combined with albumin-bilirubin score for overt hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2024, 28(5): 53-58. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.20233228
    [3]FENG Feifei, WU Jiayu, JIANG Lili, XU Yan. Application of combined detection of red blood cell distribution width, ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in predicting complications of type 2 diabetes[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2023, 27(15): 45-49. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.20223479
    [4]HAN Xiuping, TAN Juan, HE Yumei. Levels of microRNA-34a and hypoxic inducible factor-1α in type 2 diabetes patients with different urinary albumin excretion rates and their significance[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2023, 27(5): 114-118. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.20221742
    [5]GU Shiming, ZHANG Yongmao, ZHANG Xinping. Relationships of preoperative serum ferritin, albuminand ratio of ferritin to albumin with prognosis after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2022, 26(15): 65-68. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.20220518
    [6]ZHAO Dandan. Effect of targeted nursing for ovarian cancer treated by paclitaxel albumin combined with cisplatin[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2018, (2): 107-109,122. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.201802032
    [7]YANG Jiying, CAI Lin. Application value of serum unconjugated bilirubin and albumin detections in children with neonatal jaundice[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2017, (7): 89-91,98. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.201707024
    [8]LI Weiwei, LAI Yan, FENG Shengfang, LI Ya, HE Shanhui. Clinical effect of blue light irradiation combined with albumin in treatment of neonatal jaundice[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2017, (1): 94-96. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.201701028
    [9]NIE Jingtao. Efficacy of fangji huangqi decoction in treatment of patients with primary nephrotic syndrome in edema period and its influence on 24 h urinary protein,serum albumin and blood lipid[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2017, (1): 48-51. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.201701014
    [10]ZENG Xiyun, GAO Xue. Study of the relationship between ratio of urinary albumin/creatinine and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2014, (3): 88-89,92. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.201403029

  • Cited by

    Periodical cited type(63)

    1. 徐丹，余芳，任刚. 腺样体肥大患儿临床症状及肺通气功能影响因素分析. 中国妇幼保健. 2025(04): 703-706 .
    2. 儿童扁桃体腺样体低温等离子射频消融术规范化治疗技术标准. 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志. 2025(02): 97-109 .
    3. 郜思远，乔孝武，杨军，彭栋梁. 艾司氯胺酮联合切口周围局部浸润麻醉对全麻腹股沟疝修补术患儿苏醒期躁动和疼痛-应激因子的影响. 海南医学. 2025(05): 693-698 .
    4. 程默羽，汪旭，高峰. 低温等离子体系统治疗扁桃体、腺样体肥大的效果探讨. 中外医药研究. 2025(01): 22-24 .
    5. 陈荣. 低温等离子辅助下扁桃体及腺样体切除术治疗扁桃体肥大伴腺样体肥大的疗效观察. 生命科学仪器. 2025(04): 148-150 .
    6. 杨凤山. 低温等离子体系统在扁桃体/腺样体肥大患者手术治疗中的应用价值分析. 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学). 2024(01): 27-29+46 .
    7. 崔学英，宋云红. 低温等离子手术治疗扁桃体腺样体肥大的临床疗效研究. 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学). 2024(01): 124-126 .
    8. 谢婷，吴芬. 术中积极性暗示心理护理干预对扁桃体切除术患者恐惧情绪及配合度的影响. 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学). 2024(01): 224-227 .
    9. 时恩来，方怡. 低温等离子与常规电刀在软腭黏膜良性病变切除中的应用效果比较. 中国实用医药. 2024(02): 50-53 .
    10. 兰泮丽，罗兰，李菲. 小儿低温等离子腺样体切除术术后出血情况及危险因素分析. 中国妇幼保健. 2024(07): 1300-1303 .
    11. 王斯燕. 低温等离子体系统在扁桃体/腺样体肥大患者手术治疗中的应用价值分析. 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学). 2024(02): 91-94 .
    12. 朱金枝，张金星，陈巧婷. 鼻内镜下腺样体等离子切除术与腺样体刮除术在腺样体肥大患儿中的效果对比及对鼻腔黏膜纤毛清除功能的影响. 慢性病学杂志. 2024(04): 599-602 .
    13. 陈文龙，杜志宏. 鼻内镜下低温等离子射频消融术治疗儿童扁桃体及腺样体肥大的效果评价. 现代医学与健康研究电子杂志. 2024(07): 142-144 .
    14. 金名花. 预防性应用小剂量艾司氯胺酮对行扁桃体腺样体手术患儿全麻苏醒期躁动的影响. 天津药学. 2024(02): 47-50 .
    15. 李峰，张萍，史欣. 鼻内镜下低温等离子切除术治疗儿童腺样体肥大的临床疗效及对患儿创伤应激和并发症的影响. 山西医药杂志. 2024(06): 418-422 .
    16. 张艳，王慧. 低温等离子辅助下扁桃体及腺样体切除术治疗扁桃体肥大伴腺样体肥大患儿的疗效观察. 现代医学与健康研究电子杂志. 2024(08): 41-45 .
    17. 宋云红，崔学英. 扁桃体摘除联合鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗小儿鼾症的临床疗效. 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学). 2024(03): 13-16 .
    18. 钱金吉，林优优，林贺. 物理抗菌网液在儿童低温等离子扁桃体切除术后康复中的应用效果. 中国医药导报. 2024(15): 95-98 .
    19. 陈聪梅，林小玲，卓翠芳，邓美旋. 临床护理路径在围手术期治疗患儿扁桃体伴腺样体肥大中的应用效果. 中国医药指南. 2024(16): 167-169 .
    20. 王勤，杜志宏. 鼻内镜下低温等离子扁桃体腺样体切除术改善鼾症患儿临床症状的效果评价. 现代医学与健康研究电子杂志. 2024(09): 51-53 .
    21. 张芬芬，潘霞. 鼻内镜辅助腺样体低温等离子消融术与电动切割器切除术治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腺样体肥大患儿的效果对比. 中国妇幼保健. 2024(13): 2431-2434 .
    22. 朱海燕，廖天义，廖俊丰，朱汉辉. 低温等离子射频消融术治疗小儿鼾症的效果观察. 中国内镜杂志. 2024(06): 60-66 .
    23. 侍海霞. 两种切除术对扁桃体肥大伴腺样体肥大患儿围术期指标及并发症的影响. 系统医学. 2024(10): 116-119 .
    24. 龙松良，张霞平. 鼻内镜下低温等离子腺样体消融术治疗小儿腺样体肥大疗效观察. 临床小儿外科杂志. 2024(06): 578-583 .
    25. 徐芬芳，张帆，卢婷. 基于趣味视频互动式健康宣教用于微创疝气手术患儿对不良情绪及满意度的影响. 国际护理学杂志. 2024(14): 2625-2629 .
    26. 李振刚，强学全，张宝明. 鼻内镜辅助三线减张鼻中隔矫正术治疗鼻中隔偏曲患者的效果. 医学理论与实践. 2024(15): 2599-2601 .
    27. 王振勇，吴伟，梁子聪. 鼻内镜下腺样体低温等离子射频消融术治疗小儿鼾症合并腺样体肥大的效果及安全性评价. 黔南民族医专学报. 2024(02): 160-164 .
    28. 孙梅英. 低温等离子射频消融术对小儿扁桃体肥大合并鼾症的疗效研究. 临床研究. 2024(08): 27-30 .
    29. 邵滨峰，王佳，张世涛. 鼻内窥镜下低温等离子扁桃体和腺样体切除术配合中药超声雾化治疗儿童鼾症临床疗效. 实用中医药杂志. 2024(08): 1584-1587 .
    30. 李世伟，田秀芬，窦倩雯. 微创等离子消融术在扁桃体腺样体肥大患者治疗中的应用及对其免疫能力及氧化应激水平的影响. 临床医学工程. 2024(09): 1043-1044 .
    31. 周志存，林春裕. 扁桃体腺样体肥大患儿使用低温等离子扁桃体腺样体切除术进行治疗效果分析. 中国医药指南. 2024(26): 81-84 .
    32. 黄丹华. 低温等离子手术治疗儿童腺样体肥大的疗效分析. 生命科学仪器. 2024(05): 161-162+165 .
    33. 张良. 低温等离子手术治疗扁桃体腺样体肥大的临床效果分析. 基层医学论坛. 2024(28): 57-59 .
    34. 高洁，陈娟，邱宏，曾鸣辉，饶琰. CICARE沟通模式在儿童扁桃体腺样体术前访视中的应用. 中国医学创新. 2024(28): 91-95 .
    35. 李敬，朱新炜，黄波，张华，臧睿. 低吗啡综合镇痛方式在术后镇痛领域的临床应用. 科技导报. 2024(19): 113-118 .
    36. 袁翠云，陈莉. 低温等离子扁桃体切除术后再出血的高危因素及预防性策略分析. 全科护理. 2024(22): 4334-4337 .
    37. 刘益建，王军民，孙浩，刘昱秀，周辉. 加减疏风清热汤在扁桃体伴腺样体肥大切除术中的应用. 辽宁中医杂志. 2024(11): 103-106 .
    38. 李界文，刘小晶，吴献林. 0°鼻内镜下经口鼻联合进路动力系统配合低温等离子切除术治疗小儿扁桃体及腺样体肥大的效果及对患儿疼痛、炎症反应的影响. 中国实用医药. 2024(21): 65-67 .
    39. 王玲玲. 基于临床护理路径的围术期护理对低温等离子切除术的扁桃体腺样体肥大患儿的临床效果观察. 现代养生. 2024(23): 1790-1792 .
    40. 蔡继壹，林炳煌，王少将，孙佳琳，彭凤雪. TCRF与ETA治疗腺样体肥大患者的效果观察. 中国医疗器械信息. 2024(22): 66-68 .
    41. 张明德，张秋敏. 低温等离子射频消融术对扁桃体腺样体肥大患儿疼痛程度、发音参数的影响. 反射疗法与康复医学. 2024(13): 52-55 .
    42. 缪陶林，韩晓雨. 艾司氯胺酮对采用低温等离子手术治疗的腺样体肥大患儿苏醒期躁动及疼痛程度的影响. 反射疗法与康复医学. 2024(13): 99-102 .
    43. 李杰才，黄晓莲，温柏林. 腺样体非轮廓化切除术与轮廓化切除术的对比分析. 系统医学. 2024(22): 89-92 .
    44. 敖红敏，余子兰，钟康华，李桃根，张丽卫. 改良低温等离子法对扁桃体切除患者围手术期指标、血清炎症因子及生活质量的影响. 中国医学创新. 2024(36): 34-38 .
    45. 邱科金，朱炼兵，丁雅婷，蔡金钰，谢树居. 低温等离子射频消融术联合不同温度盐水鼻腔冲洗在腺样体肥大患儿治疗中的应用效果. 中国卫生标准管理. 2024(23): 27-30+35 .
    46. 崔晓敏. 预防性应用艾司氯胺酮在行扁桃体、腺样体切除术患儿中的价值分析. 实用中西医结合临床. 2023(02): 97-99+107 .
    47. 魏锋. 鼻内镜下动力系统与低温等离子消融术在儿童腺样体手术中的疗效比较. 名医. 2023(03): 72-74 .
    48. 张群，陈明清. 低温等离子系统联合腺样体扁桃体切除术在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿中的应用分析. 中国校医. 2023(05): 369-372 .
    49. 刘晓峰，杜娟，王登茂，王亚芳，崔莉，宋英鸾，耿江桥. 血清白三烯C4、D4及C-C趋化因子配体21水平与腺样体肥大患儿腺样体肥大程度及预后的相关性. 川北医学院学报. 2023(07): 927-930 .
    50. 牛海珍，黄辉，解凤磊，王少华，潘瑞，盖莹莹，李梦思. 4～8℃生理盐水对等离子辅助下扁桃体腺样体切除患儿出血和疼痛的影响. 安徽医学. 2023(07): 848-851 .
    51. 甘育涛，陈佳青，彭攀. 氢吗啡酮与布托啡诺静脉自控镇痛对骨科术后患者疼痛递质、炎性因子及氧化应激反应的影响比较. 临床合理用药. 2023(21): 114-117 .
    52. 李正民，郑碧云，梁珍婵. 玉屏风散颗粒联合孟鲁司特钠与糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾治疗腺样体肥大的效果. 中国当代医药. 2023(20): 143-146 .
    53. 曹文慧，高英英，雷永超，黄亦男. 鼻内镜下低温等离子切除术对鼾症患儿临床症状的影响及安全性分析. 现代医学与健康研究电子杂志. 2023(16): 10-12 .
    54. 刘冰，王德霖. 扁桃体腺样体肥大患儿使用低温等离子扁桃体腺样体切除术进行治疗的临床效果. 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学). 2023(05): 17-20 .
    55. 郑昌华. 以家庭为中心的护理模式在内镜下鼻腺样体肥大切除术后患儿中的应用. 中国医药指南. 2023(27): 184-186 .
    56. 王晶，王晓莹，吴倩. 专项护理联合疼痛干预在行日间手术扁桃体腺样体肥大患儿中的应用. 中西医结合护理(中英文). 2023(09): 73-75 .
    57. 郭帅. 低温等离子射频消融术治疗儿童扁桃体腺样体肥大的效果. 中国民康医学. 2023(21): 57-60 .
    58. 杨子璐. 鼻咽部CT对儿童腺样体肥大和病情程度的诊断价值. 影像研究与医学应用. 2023(18): 63-65 .
    59. 周东杰，郝永波. 分析鼻内镜下动力系统腺样体切除术在腺样体肥大患儿中的应用效果. 系统医学. 2023(17): 60-63 .
    60. 王智勇，朱峰，梁滔，夏利辉，莫平. 小儿扁桃体低温等离子射频切除术行ERAS对患儿VAS及血清免疫球蛋白的影响. 中国医师杂志. 2023(12): 1815-1819 .
    61. 赵月菊，历建强. 低温等离子扁桃体切除术对慢性扁桃体炎患者的治疗有效性研究. 中外医疗. 2023(31): 37-40 .
    62. 孙成营. 鼻内镜下低温等离子消融术治疗腺样体肥大的效果研究. 中华养生保健. 2023(13): 46-49 .
    63. 陈晓觉. 鼻内镜下低温等离子切除术治疗腺样体肥大患儿的疗效. 中国医疗器械信息. 2022(22): 52-54 .

    Other cited types(1)

Catalog

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML
    Article views (76) PDF downloads (8) Cited by(64)
    Turn off MathJax
    Article Contents
    Abstract
    References
    Related Articles

    © 2020 《实用临床医药杂志》编辑部

    Address: 江苏省扬州市江阳中路136号，扬州大学江阳路北校区14号楼201室China Pos: 225009Tel: 0514-87978917、87978989、87978807

    苏公网安备 32100302010246号

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.   Baidu Analytics

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return