Changes of interleukin-34 levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with severe pneumonia and their prognostic value

LIU Yuxin; YAN Yongmin; REN Jianke; TANG Jianlei; XUE Sheliang; ZHUANG Zhifang; CAI Run; ZHOU Yanjuan

doi:10.7619/jcmp.20243604

Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice > 2024 > 28(24): 31-36, 43. > DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.20243604

LIU Yuxin, YAN Yongmin, REN Jianke, TANG Jianlei, XUE Sheliang, ZHUANG Zhifang, CAI Run, ZHOU Yanjuan. Changes of interleukin-34 levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with severe pneumonia and their prognostic value[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice, 2024, 28(24): 31-36, 43. DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.20243604

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Changes of interleukin-34 levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with severe pneumonia and their prognostic value

1.
Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213017
2.
Central Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213017
3.
National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Family Planning Contraceptives, Shanghai Research Center for Family Planning Contraceptives and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Biomedicine and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
4.
Critical Care Medicine Department, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213017
5.
Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213017

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Received Date: August 17, 2024
Revised Date: September 24, 2024

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the changes in interleukin-34 (IL-34)levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with severe pneumonia and their prognostic value.
Methods
A total of 66 patients with severe pneumonia (severe pneumonia group), 35 patients with non-severe pneumonia (non-severe pneumonia group), and 27 healthy adults (control group) were enrolled. The severe pneumonia group was further divided into survival group of 38 patients and non-survival group of 28 patients based on 28-day survival. Clinical data of all subjects were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the predictive power of serum IL-34 and relative IL-34 gene expression in BALF for 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia, as well as the predictive power of serum IL-34 for severe pneumonia. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted, and the Log-rank test was used to compare cumulative survival rates. Cox regression analysis was conducted to explore risk factors for 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between serum IL-34 levels and relative IL-34 gene expression in BALF of patients with severe pneumonia.
Results
Serum IL-34 levels were higher in the severe pneumonia group than those in the non-severe pneumonia group, and were higher in the non-severe pneumonia group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Serum IL-34 levels and relative IL-34 gene expression in BALF were higher in the non-survival group than in the survival group (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve for predicting 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia were 0.908 for serum IL-34 levels and 0.878 for relative IL-34 gene expression in BALF. The optimal cutoff value for serum IL-34 levels in predicting severe pneumonia was 129.9 pg/mL. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that increased serum IL-34 levels and increased relative IL-34 gene expression in BALF were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia (P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis results indicate that, with a cutoff value of 129.9 pg/mL, patients with severe pneumonia who had high serum levels of IL-34 exhibited a lower cumulative survival rate compared to those with low IL-34 level(Log-rank P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Serum IL-34 levels are significantly increased in patients with severe pneumonia, and relative IL-34 gene expression in BALF is positively correlated with serum IL-34 levels. Both can be used as indicators for predicting the prognosis of 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia.
- severe pneumonia,
- bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,
- interleukin-34,
- prognosis

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References (20)

References

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Changes of interleukin-34 levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with severe pneumonia and their prognostic value