Research progress on the protective effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor on kidney in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor is a new type of non-insulin-dependent oral hypoglycemic drug,which can reduce the reabsorption of glucose in the original urine,increase the excretion of urinary glucose and reduce blood sugar by inhibiting the activity of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the proximal renal tubule.SGLT2i can also reduce blood pressure,arterial stiffness and blood uric acid,regulate renal hemodynamics,inhibit renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS),reduce inflammation as well as oxidative stress and improve kidney hypoxia,thereby playing the role of kidney protection.In this review,the role of SGLT2 in the regulation of renal glucose metabolism and the research progress and corresponding mechanism of SGLT2i on renal protection were reviewed.